媒体覆盖范围对公众对事件的看法具有实质性影响。媒体框架事件的方式可以显着改变对社会的信仰和看法。尽管如此，众所周知，几乎所有媒体网点都以偏见的方式报告新闻。虽然可以通过改变单词选择或省略信息来引入这种偏差，但是偏差的感知也很大程度上取决于读者的个人背景。因此，媒体偏差是一个非常复杂的构造，用于识别和分析。尽管媒体偏见是许多研究的主题，但之前的评估策略过于简化，缺乏重叠和实证评估。因此，本研究旨在开发一种可以用作可靠标准来评估物品偏差的规模。为了命名一个例子：如果我们要问，打算衡量新闻文章中的偏见，“文章有多偏见？”或者我们应该改用，“文章是如何对待美国总统的？”。我们进行了文献搜索，以查找有关先前对该主题的文本看法的相关问题。在一个多迭代过程中，我们首先总结并缩小了这些问题，以结束关于偏见的完整和代表可能的问题类型。最终组由25个问题组成，答案格式不同，使用语义差异的17个问题，以及六个感受评级。我们在190条文章中测试了每个问题，总体上有663名参与者来确定问题衡量文章的感知偏见的程度。我们的研究结果表明，21项最终物品适合，可靠，以测量媒体偏差的看法。我们在http://bias -question-tree.gipplab.org/上发布最后一组问题。

倾斜的新闻报道，也称为媒体偏见，可以严重影响新闻消费者的解释和对新闻作出反应。要自动识别偏见语言，我们提出了一种比较相关词语的上下文的探索方法。我们训练两个嵌入模型，一个在左翼的文本上，另一个在右翼新闻网点上。我们的假设是，嵌入空格中的单词的表示与非偏见的单词比偏见的单词更相似。潜在的想法是，不同新闻网点中的偏置词的背景比非偏见的单词更强烈地变化，因为根据其上下文，偏置单词的感知是不同的。虽然我们没有发现统计学意义要接受假设，但结果表明了这种方法的有效性。例如，在单词嵌入空间的线性映射之后，31％的单词具有最大距离可能导致偏差。为了改善结果，我们发现数据集需要明显更大，我们将进一步的方法作为未来的研究方向推出。据我们所知，本文介绍了第一个深入看，通过Word Embeddings测量的偏置词语的背景。

命名实体识别（ner）是一个重要任务，旨在解决名为命名实体的全民类别，例如人员，地点，组织和时间。尽管在许多用例中使用了常见和可行的用途，但Ner几乎不适用于一般类别次优，例如工程或医学。为了促进特定于域的类型的人，我们提出了一个自动化（命名）实体注释器，以帮助人类注释在给定一组特定于域的文本时为德语文本集团创建特定于域的ner语料库。在我们的评估中，我们发现Anea会自动识别最能代表文本内容的术语，标识一组连贯术语，并将描述性标签分配给这些组，即将文本数据集注释为域（命名）实体。

We address the challenge of building domain-specific knowledge models for industrial use cases, where labelled data and taxonomic information is initially scarce. Our focus is on inductive link prediction models as a basis for practical tools that support knowledge engineers with exploring text collections and discovering and linking new (so-called open-world) entities to the knowledge graph. We argue that - though neural approaches to text mining have yielded impressive results in the past years - current benchmarks do not reflect the typical challenges encountered in the industrial wild properly. Therefore, our first contribution is an open benchmark coined IRT2 (inductive reasoning with text) that (1) covers knowledge graphs of varying sizes (including very small ones), (2) comes with incidental, low-quality text mentions, and (3) includes not only triple completion but also ranking, which is relevant for supporting experts with discovery tasks. We investigate two neural models for inductive link prediction, one based on end-to-end learning and one that learns from the knowledge graph and text data in separate steps. These models compete with a strong bag-of-words baseline. The results show a significant advance in performance for the neural approaches as soon as the available graph data decreases for linking. For ranking, the results are promising, and the neural approaches outperform the sparse retriever by a wide margin.

Machine learning models are typically evaluated by computing similarity with reference annotations and trained by maximizing similarity with such. Especially in the bio-medical domain, annotations are subjective and suffer from low inter- and intra-rater reliability. Since annotations only reflect the annotation entity's interpretation of the real world, this can lead to sub-optimal predictions even though the model achieves high similarity scores. Here, the theoretical concept of Peak Ground Truth (PGT) is introduced. PGT marks the point beyond which an increase in similarity with the reference annotation stops translating to better Real World Model Performance (RWMP). Additionally, a quantitative technique to approximate PGT by computing inter- and intra-rater reliability is proposed. Finally, three categories of PGT-aware strategies to evaluate and improve model performance are reviewed.

Efficient surrogate modelling is a key requirement for uncertainty quantification in data-driven scenarios. In this work, a novel approach of using Sparse Random Features for surrogate modelling in combination with self-supervised dimensionality reduction is described. The method is compared to other methods on synthetic and real data obtained from crashworthiness analyses. The results show a superiority of the here described approach over state of the art surrogate modelling techniques, Polynomial Chaos Expansions and Neural Networks.

In recent years distributional reinforcement learning has produced many state of the art results. Increasingly sample efficient Distributional algorithms for the discrete action domain have been developed over time that vary primarily in the way they parameterize their approximations of value distributions, and how they quantify the differences between those distributions. In this work we transfer three of the most well-known and successful of those algorithms (QR-DQN, IQN and FQF) to the continuous action domain by extending two powerful actor-critic algorithms (TD3 and SAC) with distributional critics. We investigate whether the relative performance of the methods for the discrete action space translates to the continuous case. To that end we compare them empirically on the pybullet implementations of a set of continuous control tasks. Our results indicate qualitative invariance regarding the number and placement of distributional atoms in the deterministic, continuous action setting.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the gap between the number of imaging exams and the number of expert radiologist readers required to cover this increase will continue to expand, consequently introducing a demand for AI-based tools that improve the efficiency with which radiologists can comfortably interpret these exams. AI has been shown to improve efficiency in medical-image generation, processing, and interpretation, and a variety of such AI models have been developed across research labs worldwide. However, very few of these, if any, find their way into routine clinical use, a discrepancy that reflects the divide between AI research and successful AI translation. To address the barrier to clinical deployment, we have formed MONAI Consortium, an open-source community which is building standards for AI deployment in healthcare institutions, and developing tools and infrastructure to facilitate their implementation. This report represents several years of weekly discussions and hands-on problem solving experience by groups of industry experts and clinicians in the MONAI Consortium. We identify barriers between AI-model development in research labs and subsequent clinical deployment and propose solutions. Our report provides guidance on processes which take an imaging AI model from development to clinical implementation in a healthcare institution. We discuss various AI integration points in a clinical Radiology workflow. We also present a taxonomy of Radiology AI use-cases. Through this report, we intend to educate the stakeholders in healthcare and AI (AI researchers, radiologists, imaging informaticists, and regulators) about cross-disciplinary challenges and possible solutions.

Understanding our brain is one of the most daunting tasks, one we cannot expect to complete without the use of technology. MindBigData aims to provide a comprehensive and updated dataset of brain signals related to a diverse set of human activities so it can inspire the use of machine learning algorithms as a benchmark of 'decoding' performance from raw brain activities into its corresponding (labels) mental (or physical) tasks. Using commercial of the self, EEG devices or custom ones built by us to explore the limits of the technology. We describe the data collection procedures for each of the sub datasets and with every headset used to capture them. Also, we report possible applications in the field of Brain Computer Interfaces or BCI that could impact the life of billions, in almost every sector like healthcare game changing use cases, industry or entertainment to name a few, at the end why not directly using our brains to 'disintermediate' senses, as the final HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) device? simply what we call the journey from Type to Touch to Talk to Think.

Modern mobile burst photography pipelines capture and merge a short sequence of frames to recover an enhanced image, but often disregard the 3D nature of the scene they capture, treating pixel motion between images as a 2D aggregation problem. We show that in a "long-burst", forty-two 12-megapixel RAW frames captured in a two-second sequence, there is enough parallax information from natural hand tremor alone to recover high-quality scene depth. To this end, we devise a test-time optimization approach that fits a neural RGB-D representation to long-burst data and simultaneously estimates scene depth and camera motion. Our plane plus depth model is trained end-to-end, and performs coarse-to-fine refinement by controlling which multi-resolution volume features the network has access to at what time during training. We validate the method experimentally, and demonstrate geometrically accurate depth reconstructions with no additional hardware or separate data pre-processing and pose-estimation steps.